Analysis of Richard Wrights Black Boy

Analysis of Richard Wrights Black Boy Black Boy Essay In Richard Wright’s autobiography of Black Boy, Richard is determined to leave his family to move to the north because they do not provide the necessities for him to be successful. Richard’s bold and stubborn personality negates him success. This runs parallel to the abuse and manipulation that Richard receives that limits his relationships with others around him. Wright also shows how reading frees a soul suffering from discrimination. The US constitution states that â€Å"All men are created equal,† but in the Jim Crow law era, blacks were always looked down upon. Jim Crow promoted segregation and dehumanization amongst blacks and whites, creating the â€Å"wall† that separates whites from blacks. Racial prejudice, hate and discrimination were everywhere; blacks could be punished in any manor, from being arrested and getting a beating, to being slain based on a white person’s judgment on the action perform by the black individual. Throughout the n ovel we can see Richard’s alienation from the white community as well as the black community. Richard grew up in the south bound by rules and regulations formed by the whites. Secluded within their own confines of living, their struggle to survive in such a harsh environment seemed infinite and hopeless. Richard had to take charge when his mother falls ill and must provide for her and the family; disregarding this own health and focusing on keeping up with the rent and bills that needed to be paid. Richard’s father deserted his family leaving him and his mother to be on their own. Nathan, Richard’s dad was a peasant, and a share cropper. He did what the whites commanded him to do, follow the rules with no desire to succeed or progress in life, and repeat each and every demeaning and menial task day by day just to get by. This is the kind of society which ‘trained’ Nathan to be what the whites forced him to be, a dull and dumb individual with no sense of perception of what’s actually going on around him. Being counted as a subspecies, Richardà ¢â‚¬â„¢s father was conditioned to have no sense of hope, his entire life was based upon one thing, and that is falling in line with all other blacks and follows through with all the commands given by the white with no questions asked. This worked on every level imaginable, using sheer force and fear to tear down any sense of hope or positive thinking which blacks had. Just the thought of blacks surpassing a white individual was unthinkable. Why is this? It’s because it was deemed that way, it was how the society worked at that time. No one could question or challenge what whites could or can’t do, all of their thoughts are final. The ideas of being superior amongst the blacks were socially acceptable. And this included dehumanizing and cruel treatments. Richard wasn’t like the other kids that were in the black society. He was more free willed and ambitious. Richard was an independent individual from the start; not getting attached to anyone or in need of assistance of any sort. Richard was fond of education and learning. His quest for knowledge seemed, in the other black people’s eyes as a waste of time and energy, deemed to be helpful. But in some cases, Richard’s knowledge gets him in trouble, even worse getting hurt. An example from the book, is when Richard has to go to the store and buy groceries, but gets robbed numerous times by a gang of boys. The final time that Richard failed to get the groceries his mother told him, â€Å"Don’t come in here†¦You just stay right where you are, I’m going to teach your this night to stand up and fight for yourself†¦Don’t you come into this house until you’ve gotten those groceries.†(pg.24-25). One of Richard’s top quali ties was taught that night by his mother was perseverance. On the other hand we see the opposite, Shorty. Basically this amplifies my point of doing whatever possible to survive in this dreadful environment. He gets kicked in the gut just to get a quarter. My ass is tough and quarters is scarce.(end of ch12) At what point does a person go to violate self-ethics and morals, and go through with it just to survive. How far are you willing to go until you break? There is a delicate bond between the white people and white people, as humans we have limitations on how much we can handle mentally and physically. We can see from this example that Shorty is willing to degrade himself in order to get a quarter per kick. Shorty and Richard go off on a tangent about how to avoid being dehumanized and do something else. Richard offers to help him but Shorty’s hard headedness prevents him from to take heed the information given by Richard. But in Shorty’s remarks, he states that he is lazy to do anything and won’t change his ways of ho w he earns money. The readers recognize that Shorty has accepted the fact of being caught in the white power web of inferiority; he sees that there is no way out of this terrible situation. He went to school for half of his learning, and the half he was self-taught; by reading little bits and pieces he manages to learn quite a bit. Having knowledge and education grants Richard to be ahead of all the other black people. Wanting to be a writer, Wright pursues his dreams of moving North and writing novels. He takes the challenge by getting any job he can to raise money for himself to move to the north once and for all, and freeing himself from the clutches of racial prejudice and white rule. His ability to persevere also guided Richard toward his prosperity. Richard was a fighter and no matter what obstacle he faced, he manages to knock it down and march forth with his duties. Richard was always rebellious, from when he was really young to young adulthood. For example, when the principal at Richard’s school had asked him to give a speech to the audience of whites and blacks, Richard refused to read the principal’s pre-written speech. Just by reading the principal’s speech he was relieved at the same overly stressed out. He had the will and courage that other black individuals lacked to commence forth with this own speech. Richard was willing to leave school without a diploma just because of this unjust action. The whites knew that Richard was different; they knew that he challenged the â€Å"system† and he wasn’t afraid like the rest of the black people. The readers can sense fear coming from the whites, due to Richard’s attitude towards the whites and the boundaries that surround him. The white’s try to cover up their fear and pushing racism by being cruel and demeaning towards the entire black population. We can see in the scene where Richard gets a new job at the optical place, and his co-workers mistreat him just because the boss is kind to Richard. Later Richard leaves the job knowing that his co-workers would ‘kill’ him if told the boss what happed to him. The hostility portrayed by his co-workers was so great that Richard couldn’t handle it anymore, and was forced to leave his job. All of these events mold Richard into the hardy character he is known for. Wright’s intellect was unmatched by the blacks, and well as his rebellious features and conduct. These were a few reasons that he was able to overcome his background of being black individual, and becoming a successful writer. Based on the fact that he was smart and independent, and his perseverance guided him to reach this status, to which all blacks should uphold to. By reading Black Boy it becomes very clear to the reader how life as a black minority is very difficult. We can recognize all the struggles they faced and how Richard challenged and managed to surpass what no blacks ever did.

Brainstem Injuries and the Neuropsychologist Essay -- Neuropsychology

Brainstem Injuries and the Neuropsychologist The Neuropsychologist plays an essential function in assessment and rehabilitation after an injury to the head. Neuropsychologists essentially bear responsibility for testing and tracking the patients thinking ability. Below are key functions provided by clinical neuropsychologists: - Carrying out detailed assessments of cognition, emotion, behavior, and social competence; - Devising and implementing training programs; - Liaising with educational agencies/ employers to advise on the resumption of educational/ vocational life; - Advising on the management cognitive deficits/ disabilities; - Advising and providing long term care; - Providing psychotherapeutic input to address the emotional impact of injury and disabilities; - Facilitating personal, family, and social adjustment (Halligan 2003). A screening for a neuropsychological evaluation should be done as soon as possible after an injury to the brain or in this case, brainstem. A comprehensive evaluation is necessary if complaints and or problems persist. In most cases, an evaluation is performed biannually for the first two years, and as necessary, depending on the subjectivity of the patients status. An exam by the neuropsychologist typically involves a wide variety of tasks, most of which are done sitting at a table or at bedside in a hospital (www.neuropsychologycentral.com, 2002). The examination is non-invasive, and usually is not painful. The evaluation often takes 6 to 8 hours of face-to-face contact, but can vary widely depending on what information is being sought (www.neuropsychologycentral.com, 2002). Test results are used, depending o... ...y 1, 2005 from http//www.neuropsychologycentral.com/interface/content/resources /resources_interface_frameset.html. University of Florida (2005). Medical Informatics: Introduction to Clinical Neurology. Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/neuro/review/bsc.html. Joseph Landolfi (2005). Brainstem Gliomas. Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic40.htm. Spencer, Rick (2005). Brain Injury 101. Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http://www.rickspencer.com/Headinjurylaw/brain101.htm. Theodosopoulos, Philip; Burton, Lisa; Wagner, Becky; Splitt, Nancee (2005). Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-BrainTumor.htm. Reiter, Jamie (2003). Journey Toward Recovery: A Brain Injury Guide For Families. Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http://www.sdbif.org/Guide/SDBIF_Guide_Eng.pdf.

The Great Gatsby, Chapter 8

Owen Marshall Honors Language Arts, Lohman March 27, 2013 Chapter 8 This chapter begins with Nick talking to Gatsby after the horrible events of the night before. Gatsby tells Nick how he spent his night waiting for Daisy to see him just for her to ignore him the whole time. He then tells Nick about why he fell in love with Daisy, and why he is still so deeply attached to her. Nick then leaves for work, shouting to Gatsby reassuring words seeing as he is obviously lost and depressed.After Nick leaves we are told about the actions of grief stricken George Wilson. We are told that George believed that the driver of the car that killed his wife was Gatsby and George acts upon this information. He spends the day making his way to Gatsby’s house and upon his arrival kills Gatsby in his pool and then ends his own life. Suspense This chapter creates a very deep suspense through the actions of George Wilson.Fitzgerald cultivates this suspense for the climax of the novel by describing George’s actions with little detail, describing them as if we are being told by a police report. He skirts what actually occurred, instead describing the setting in vivid detail. He mentions the â€Å"†¦cluster of leave†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg 170) that are in the pool foreshadowing Gatsby’s fate by having the leaves represent the end of the season and the end of his life. Fitzgerald uses this suspense to keep the reader intensely reading keep Gatsby’s death a shock.

Russian Pronouns Usage and Examples

Pronouns in Russian are used in the same way as in English: as a substitution for nouns. In this article, we will look at personal pronouns: I, we, you, he, she, it, and they. Russian Personal Pronouns Russian pronouns are used as a substitution for nouns, just like in English. However, in Russian, personal pronouns can refer both to people and to objects.Just like nouns, pronouns in Russian change according to the case they are in. Russian personal pronouns can be associated both with a person and an object. This is because all Russian nouns have a gender that can be feminine, masculine, or neuter. While in English objects are defined by the pronoun it, in Russian, an object can be of any gender, for example, a book is feminine (Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³Ã ° - KNEEga), a phone is masculine (Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã µÃ'„Ð ¾Ã ½ - tyelyeFON), and a ring is neuter (Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'†Ð ¾ - kalTSO). When listening to Russian speech, bear this in mind so you dont get confused when an object is referred to as Ð ¾Ã ½ (ohn)—he or Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° (aNAH)—she. Russian Personal Pronouns Russian English Example Pronunciation Translation Ã'  I Ð ¯ Ð ½Ã µ Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã »Ã'Ž Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ ½Ã ¾Ã µ ya ny lyubLYU maROzhenaye I don't like ice cream. Ð ¼Ã'‹ we ÐÅ"Ã'‹ Ð µÃ ´Ã µÃ ¼Ã ½Ã ° Ã'‚Ã'€Ð °Ã ¼Ã ²Ã °Ã µ my YEdym ftramVAye We are on a tram. Ã'‚Ã'‹ you (singular/familiar), thou Ð ¢Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' Ã' Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ² Ð ºÃ ¸Ã ½Ã ¾ Ã'  Ð ½Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸? ty HOchysh skhaDEET' fkeeNOH SNAmee? Do you want to come to the movies with us? Ð ²Ã'‹ you (plural or respectful) Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ºÃ'€Ð °Ã' Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ³Ã »Ã' Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ vy pryKRASna VYGlyditye You look very well. Ð ¾Ã ½ he ОÐ ½ Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ ·Ã ¶Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ² ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ ²Ã'Æ' OHN ooyeZHAyet vmasKVOO He's going to Moscow. Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° she ОÐ ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'ˆÐ »Ã ° Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ´Ã ½Ã ¾ aNAH priSHLA daMOY POZna She came home late at night. Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ they Ð §Ã'‚Ð ¾-Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃ °Ã º Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¸Ã ´Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ SHTOta aNEE niKAK ny eeDOOT They are taking a while to arrive. Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¾ it ОÐ ½Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ²Ã ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð °Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  aNOH ny vklyuCHAytsa It's not switching on. Pronouns and Russian Cases Since pronouns in Russian are used for substituting nouns, and all Russian nouns change according to one of the six declension cases, all pronouns in Russian also change depending on the case that they are in. Below are the personal pronouns in all six cases. Nominative Case (ИÐ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶) The nominative case answers the questions Ð ºÃ'‚Ð ¾/Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ (ktoh/chtoh), meaning who/what, and identifies the subject of a sentence. Pronoun in Russian Translation Pronunciation Example Translation Ã'  I ya Ð ¯ Ð ´Ã °Ã ¶Ã µ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ·Ã ½Ã °Ã'Ž, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' (ya DAzhe ny ZNAyu shtoh tyBYE atVYEtit') I don't even know how to respond to you. Ð ¼Ã'‹ we myh ÐÅ"Ã'‹ Ð ¶Ã ¸Ã ²Ã'‘Ð ¼ Ð ² Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ ¾Ã ¼ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã µ (my zhiVYOM vbal'SHOM GOradye) We live in a big city. Ã'‚Ã'‹ you (singular/familiar) tyh Ð ¢Ã'‹ Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' Ð ºÃ °Ã'‚Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'  Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã µÃ »Ã ¾Ã' Ã ¸Ã ¿Ã µÃ ´Ã µ? (ty LYUbish kaTAT'sa na vylasePYEdy) Do you like to ride a bike? Ð ²Ã'‹ you (plural) vyh Ð’Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð µÃ' Ã'Å' (vy ny abiZHAYtys) Don't take offense. Ð ¾Ã ½ he ohn ОÐ ½ Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã µ Ð ´Ã °Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã ´Ã µÃ' Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¶Ã ¸Ã ²Ã'‘Ã'‚ (on ooZHE davNOH sdyes ny zhiVYOT) He hasn't lived here for a long time. Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° she aNAH ОÐ ½Ã ° Ð ¼Ã µÃ'‡Ã'‚Ð °Ã µÃ'‚ Ã' Ã'ŠÐ µÃ ·Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ² ПÐ °Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ¶ (aNAH mychTAyet s YEZdit' fpaREEZH) She dreams of visiting Paris. Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ they aNEE ОÐ ½Ã ¸ Ð ²Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã µÃ ´Ã'Æ'Ã'‚? (aNEE va SKOL'ka priYEdoot?) What time will they arrive? Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ¾ it aNOH ОÐ ½Ã ¾ Ã' Ã'€Ð °Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð °Ã µÃ'‚ (aNOH sraBOtaet) It will work. Genitive Case (Ð  Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶) The genitive case answers the questions Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾/Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ (kaVOH/chyVOH), meaning of. It shows possession, attribution, or absence (who, what, whose, or what/who is absent) and can also answer the question Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð ´Ã ° (atKOOda)—from where. Pronoun in Russian Translation Pronunciation Example Translation Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'  of me myNYA ЕÃ' Ã »Ã ¸ Ã' Ã ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã' Ã'‚, Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'  Ð ½Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ° (YESlee SPROsyat, to myNYA nyet DOma) If they ask, I'm not at home. Ð ½Ã °Ã'  of us nas Ð Ã °Ã'  Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ð ±Ã µÃ' Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¸Ã'‚ Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ²Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ (nas Ochyn byspaKOit tvaYO pavyDYEniye) We are very worried about your behavior. Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã'  of you (singular/familiar) tyBYA Ð ¢Ã µÃ ±Ã'  Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¼? (tyBYA razbooDEET' OOTram?) Do you want me/us/someone to wake you up in the morning? Ð ²Ã °Ã'  of you (plural) vas ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ, Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ²Ã °Ã'  Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ã'‚? (prasTEEtye, kak vas zaVOOT)? Excuse me, what's your name? Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ of him/of it yeVOH ЕÐ ³Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã µÃ ·Ã ´Ã µ Ð ¸Ã' Ã ºÃ °Ã »Ã ¸ (yeVOH vyzDYE isKAli) They were looking for him everywhere. Ð µÃ'‘ of her yeYOH Ð §Ã'‚Ð ¾-Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð µÃ µ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ½Ã µÃ'‚ (shto-ta yeYO vsyo nyet) She's still not here for some reason. Ð ¸Ã'… of them ikh Ð ¯ Ð ¸Ã'… Ð ²Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‡Ã'Æ' Ð ² Ð °Ã µÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'‚Ã'Æ' (ya ikh VSTREchu vaeroparTOO) I will meet them at the airport. Dative Case (ДÐ °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶) The dative case answers the questions Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã'Æ'/Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' (kaMOO/chyMOO)—to whom/(to) what, and shows that something is given or addressed to the object. Pronoun in Russian Translation Pronunciation Example Translation Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ to me mnye КÐ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ´Ã °Ã'ˆÃ'Å' Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³Ã'Æ'? (kagDA ty atDASH mnye KNEEgoo) When will you give me back the book? Ð ½Ã °Ã ¼ to us nam Ð Ã °Ã ¼ Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾Ã ¸Ã ¼ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã µÃ'Æ'Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã ½Ã ¾ (nam aBOyim BYla Ochyn nyooDOBna) We both felt very awkward. Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ to you (singular/familiar) tyBYE Ð ¡Ã ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ Ð »Ã µÃ'‚? (SKOL'ka tyBYE LYET) How old are you? Ð ²Ã °Ã ¼ to you (plural) vam Ð  Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã °Ã ¼! (a EHta VAM) This is for you. Ð µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' to him yeMOO ЕÐ ¼Ã'Æ' Ð ºÃ °Ã ·Ã °Ã »Ã ¾Ã' Ã'Å', Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ½Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ã' Ã'‚ (yeMOO kaZAlas', shtoh VSYE na nyVOH SMOTryat) It seemed to him that everyone was looking at him. Ð µÃ ¹ to her yey ЕÐ ¹ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ½Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã' Ã'  (YEY EHta ny panRAvitsa) She won't like this. Ð ¸Ã ¼ to them eem ИÐ ¼ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã »Ã µÃ ²Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å' (EEM na VSYO naplyVAT') They don't care about anything at all. Accusative Case (Ð’Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶) The accusative case answers the questions Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾/Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ (kaVOH/CHTO)—whom/what, and Ð ºÃ'Æ'Ð ´Ã ° (kooDAH)—where. Pronoun in Russian Translation Pronunciation Example Translation Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'  me myNYA Ð §Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'  Ð ´Ã'‘Ã'€Ð ³Ã °Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å'? (shtoh ty VSYO meNYA DYORgayesh) Why are you constantly bothering me? Ð ½Ã °Ã'  us nas Ð  Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã ³Ã »Ã °Ã' Ã ¸Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ² Ã'‚Ð µÃ °Ã'‚Ã'€! (a NAS priglaSEEli ftyeATR) We have been invited to the theatre! Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã'  you (singular/familiar) tyBYA Ð ¢Ã µÃ ±Ã'  Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ºÃ °Ã' Ã °Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã'  (tyBYA EHta ny kaSAyetsa) This is none of your business. Ð ²Ã °Ã'  you (plural) vas ДÐ °Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã °Ã'  Ð ½Ã µ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ » (davNO vas ny VEEdel) I haven't seen you for a while. Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ him yeVOH ЕÐ ³Ã ¾ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã »Ã ¸ (yeVOH DOLga pazdravLYAli) He was congratulated for a long time. Ð µÃ'‘ her yeYOH Ð ¯ Ð ¶Ã µ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã °Ã ¼, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'Æ' Ð ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'  Ð µÃ'‘ Ð ½Ã µÃ'‚ (ya zhe gavaRYU vam, shtoh oo myNYA yeYOH NYET) I'm telling you that I don't have it/her. Ð ¸Ã'… them eekh ИÃ'… Ð ·Ã °Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã ¸ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ¸ (EEKH zaBRAli raDEEtyli) They were collected by their parents. Instrumental Case (Ð ¢Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶) Answers the questions  Ã ºÃ µÃ ¼/Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼ (kyem/chem)—with whom/with what, and shows which instrument is used to do or make something, or with whom/with the help of what an action is completed. It can also be used to talk about something that you are interested in. Pronoun in Russian Translation Pronunciation Example Translation Ð ¼Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹/Ð ¼Ã ½Ã ¾Ã'Ž by me mnoy/MNOyu Ð ¢Ã'‹ Ð ·Ã ° Ð ¼Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ·Ã °Ã µÃ ´Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å'? (ty za MNOY zaYEdysh) Will you come and pick me up? Ð ½Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ by us NAmee ПÐ µÃ'€Ð µÃ ´ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã »Ã °Ã »Ã °Ã' Ã'Å' Ð ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¸Ã ½Ã °. (PYEred NAmi rastiLAlas' daLEEna) A valley spread before us. Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾Ã ¹/Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾Ã'Ž by you (singular/familiar) taBOY/taBOyu Ð ¯ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ã'Æ' Ã'  Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾Ã ¹ (ya haCHOO staBOY) I want to come with you. Ð ²Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ by you (plural) VAmee Ð Ã °Ã ´ Ð ²Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¸ Ð ºÃ °Ã º Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ð µ Ð ºÃ °Ã ºÃ ¾Ã µ-Ã'‚Ð ¾. (nad VAmi kak prakLYATye kaKOye ta) It's as if you have been cursed. Ð ¸Ã ¼ by him eem Ð ­Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Ð ¸Ã ¼ Ð ½Ã °Ã'€Ð ¸Ã' Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾. (EHta BYla EEM nariSOvana) This was drawn/painted by him. Ð µÃ'Ž by her YEyu Ð’Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Ð µÃ'Ž Ã' Ã ´Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã'€Ð °Ã ½Ã µÃ µ (VSYO BYla YEyu SDYElana zaRAnyye) Everything had been prepared by her in advance. Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸ by them EEmee Ð ¡Ã'‚Ð µÃ ½Ã ° Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ'€Ð °Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ½Ã ° Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸ Ð ·Ã ° Ã'‡Ð °Ã'  (styNA byLA paKRAshyna EEmee za CHAS) The wall was painted by them within an hour. Prepositional Case (ПÃ'€Ð µÃ ´Ã »Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ¿Ã °Ã ´Ã µÃ ¶) Answers the questions Ð ¾ Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¼/Ð ¾ Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼ (ah KOM/ah CHOM)—about whom/about what, and the question Ð ³Ã ´Ã µ (GDYE)—where. Pronoun in Russian Translation Pronunciation Example Translation Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ about me abaMNYE ОÐ ½ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã °Ã » Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ Ð ² Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ »Ã ¾Ã ¼ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ' (OHN EHta napiSAL abaMNYE FPROSHlam gaDOO) He wrote this about me last year. Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã'  about us aNAS О Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ð ´Ã °Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ·Ã °Ã ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¸ (aNAS davNO VSYE zaBYli) Everyone has long since forgotten about us. Ð ¾ Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ about you (singular/familiar) atyBYEH О Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ´Ã' Ã'‚ Ã' Ã »Ã'Æ'Ã'…Ð ¸ (atyBYEH HOdyat SLOOkhi) There are rumours going round about you. Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã °Ã'  about you (plural) aVAS Ð ¯ Ã' Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã » Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã °Ã' . (ya SLYshal a VAS) I have heard about you. Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã'‘Ð ¼ about him aNYOM О Ð ½Ã'‘Ð ¼ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¸ (aNYOM DOLga gavaREEli) They were talking about him for a long time. Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã µÃ ¹ about her aNYEY О Ð ½Ã µÃ ¹ Ð ½Ã °Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã' Ã °Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ³ (aNYEY naPEEsana MNOga KNIG) There are many books (written) about her. Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'… about them aNEEKH О Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'… Ð ½Ã ¸ Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ° (aNEEKH ni SLOva) Not a word about them.